اشتباهات رایج در زبان انگلیسی
خلاصه مطلب یادگیری اشتباهات رایج در زبان انگلیسی
(۱) Absorbed in
❌ The man was absorbed at his work
✅ The man was absorbed in his work
مرد در کارش غرق بود / کاملاً مشغول کارش بود.
(۲) Accuse of
❌ She accused the man for stealing
✅ She accused the man of stealing
او آن مرد را به دزدی متهم کرد.
(۳) Accustomed to
❌ I’m accustomed with hot weather
✅ I’m accustomed to hot weather
من به هوای گرم عادت دارم.
(۴) Afraid of
❌ Laura is afraid from the dog
✅ Laura is afraid of the dog
لورا از آن سگ می‌ترسد.
(۵) Aim at
❌ She aimed on the target
✅ She aimed at the target
او به سمت هدف نشانه رفت.
(۶) Angry with
❌ The teacher was angry against him
✅ The teacher was angry with him
معلم از او عصبانی بود.
(۷) Anxious about
❌ They’re anxious for his health
✅ They’re anxious about his health
آن‌ها دربارهٔ سلامتی او نگران‌اند.
(۸) Arrive at
❌ We arrived to the village at night
✅ We arrived at the village at night
ما شب به روستا رسیدیم.
(۹) Ashamed of
❌ He’s now ashamed from his conduct
✅ He’s now ashamed of his conduct
او حالا از رفتارش شرمنده است.
(۱۰) Believe in
❌ We believe to God
✅ We believe in God
ما به خدا ایمان داریم.
(۱۱) Boast of / about
❌ James boasted for his strength
✅ James boasted of / about his strength
جیمز به قدرتش فخر می‌فروخت / لاف می‌زد.
(۱۲) Careful of / about / with
❌ Elke’s very careful for her health
✅ Elke’s very careful about her health
الکه خیلی مواظب سلامتی‌اش است.
(۱۳) Travel by train
❌ He travelled with the train yesterday
✅ He travelled by train yesterday
او دیروز با قطار سفر کرد.
(۱۴) Complain about
❌ Annette complained for the weather
✅ Annette complained about the weather
آنت نت از هوا شکایت کرد / غر زد.
(۱۵) Composed of
❌ Our class is composed from thirty students
✅ Our class is composed of thirty students
کلاس ما از سی دانش‌آموز تشکیل شده است.
(۱۶) Confidence in
❌ I have great confidence to you
✅ I have great confidence in you
من به تو اعتماد زیادی دارم.
(۱۷) Conform to
❌ We must conform with the rules
✅ We must conform to the rules
ما باید مطابق قوانین رفتار کنیم.
(۱۸) Congratulate on
❌ I congratulate you for your success
✅ I congratulate you on your success
موفقیتت را به تو تبریک می‌گویم.
(۱۹) Consist of
❌ A year consists from twelve months
✅ A year consists of twelve months
یک سال از دوازده ماه تشکیل شده است.
(۲۰) Covered with / in
❌ The mountains are covered by snow
✅ The mountains are covered with snow
کوه‌ها با/زیرِ برف پوشیده شده‌اند.
(۲۱) Cure of
❌ The man was cured from his illness
✅ The man was cured of his illness
آن مرد از بیماری‌اش درمان شد.
(۲۲) Depend on / upon
❌ It depends from her
✅ It depends on her
این به او بستگی دارد.
(۲۳) Deprive of
❌ Nelson Mandela was deprived from his freedom
✅ Nelson Mandela was deprived of his freedom
نلسون ماندلا از آزادی‌اش محروم شد.
(۲۴) Die of
❌ Many people have died from malaria
✅ Many people have died of malaria
بسیاری از مردم بر اثر مالاریا مرده‌اند.
(۲۵) Different from
❌ My book is different than yours
✅ My book is different from yours
کتاب من با کتاب تو فرق دارد.
(۲۶) Disappointed by / about / at
❌ Phillipa was disappointed from the low mark she got
✅ Phillipa was disappointed by the low mark she got
فیلیپا از نمرهٔ پایینی که گرفت ناامید شد.
(۲۷) Divide into
❌ I divided the cake in four parts
✅ I divided the cake into four parts
کیک را به چهار قسمت تقسیم کردم.
(۲۸) No doubt of / about
❌ I’ve no doubt for his ability
✅ I’ve no doubt about his ability
در مورد توانایی او شکی ندارم.
(۲۹) Dressed in
❌ The woman was dressed with black
✅ The woman was dressed in black
آن زن لباس مشکی به تن داشت.
(۳۰) Exception to
❌ This is an exception of the rule
✅ This is an exception to the rule
این یک استثنا برای این قانون است.
(۳۱) Exchange for
❌ He exchanged his collection by some foreign stamps
✅ He exchanged his collection for some foreign stamps
او مجموعه‌اش را با چند تمبر خارجی عوض کرد.
(۳۲) Fail in
❌ Steven failed from maths last year
✅ Steven failed in maths last year
استیون پارسال در ریاضی مردود شد.
(۳۳) Full of
❌ The jar was full with oil
✅ The jar was full of oil
شیشه پر از روغن بود.
(۳۴) Get rid of
❌ I’ll be glad to get rid from him
✅ I’ll be glad to get rid of him
خوشحال می‌شوم از دست او خلاص شوم.
(۳۵) Glad about
❌ Francis was glad from receiving your letter
✅ Francis was glad about receiving your letter
فرانسیس از دریافت نامه‌ات خوشحال شد.
(۳۶) Good at
❌ My sister’s good in maths
✅ My sister’s good at maths
خواهرم در ریاضی خوب است.
(۳۷) Guard against
❌ You must guard from bad habits
✅ You must guard against bad habits
باید از عادت‌های بد دوری کنی / خودت را حفظ کنی.
(۳۸) Guilty of
❌ He was found guilty for murder
✅ He was found guilty of murder
او مجرم به قتل شناخته شد.
(۳۹) Independent of
❌ Clare’s independent from her parents
✅ Clare’s independent of her parents
کلر از والدینش مستقل است.
(۴۰) Indifferent to
❌ They’re indifferent for politics
✅ They’re indifferent to politics
آن‌ها نسبت به سیاست بی‌تفاوت‌اند.
(۴۱) Insist on
❌ He always insisted to his opinion
✅ He always insisted on his opinion
او همیشه روی نظرش پافشاری می‌کرد.
(۴۲) Interested in
❌ She’s not interested for her work
✅ She’s not interested in her work
او به کارش علاقه‌ای ندارد.
(۴۳) Jealous of
❌ He’s very jealous from his brother
✅ He’s very jealous of his brother
او خیلی به برادرش حسادت می‌کند.
(۴۴) Leave for
❌ They’re leaving to England soon
✅ They’re leaving for England soon
آن‌ها به‌زودی راهی انگلستان می‌شوند.
(۴۵) Live on
❌ He lives from his brother’s money
✅ He lives on his brother’s money
او از پول برادرش زندگی می‌کند.
(۴۶) Look at
❌ Look to this beautiful picture
✅ Look at this beautiful picture
به این تصویر زیبا نگاه کن.
(۴۷) Married to
❌ Angela was married with a rich man
✅ Angela was married to a rich man
آنژلا با یک مرد ثروتمند ازدواج کرده بود.
(۴۸) Opposite to
❌ Their house is opposite from ours
✅ Their house is opposite to ours
خانهٔ آن‌ها روبه‌روی خانهٔ ماست.
(۴۹) Pass by
❌ Will you pass from the post-office?
✅ Will you pass by the post-office?
از کنار ادارهٔ پست رد می‌شوی؟
(۵۰) Play for
❌ He plays regularly with that team
✅ He plays regularly for that team
او به‌طور منظم برای آن تیم بازی می‌کند.
(۵۱) Pleased with
❌ The teacher is pleased from me
✅ The teacher is pleased with me
معلم از من راضی است.
(۵۲) Popular with
❌ John’s popular among his friends
✅ John’s popular with his friends
جان در میان دوستانش محبوب است.
(۵۳) Prefer to
❌ I prefer a blue pen from a red one
✅ I prefer a blue pen to a red one
من یک خودکار آبی را به قرمز ترجیح می‌دهم.
(۵۴) Preside at / over
❌ Who presided in the last meeting?
✅ Who presided at the last meeting?
چه کسی ریاست جلسهٔ قبل را بر عهده داشت؟
(۵۵) Proud of
❌ He’s very proud for his promotion
✅ He’s very proud of his promotion
او به ترفیعش خیلی افتخار می‌کند.
(۵۶) Rejoice at / in
❌ We rejoiced for her success
✅ We rejoiced at her success
ما از موفقیت او شادمان شدیم.
(۵۷) Related to
❌ Are you related with Simon in any way?
✅ Are you related to Simon in any way?
آیا به هر نحوی با سایمون نسبت داری؟
(۵۸) Repent of
❌ He repented from his crime
✅ He repented of his crime
او از جرمش توبه کرد / پشیمان شد.
(۵۹) Satisfied with
❌ Are you satisfied from your marks?
✅ Are you satisfied with your marks?
از نمره‌هایت راضی هستی؟
(۶۰) Similar to
❌ Your house is similar with mine
✅ Your house is similar to mine
خانهٔ تو شبیه خانهٔ من است.
(۶۱) Sit at a desk
❌ The bank manager was sitting on his desk
✅ The bank manager was sitting at his desk
مدیر بانک پشت میزش نشسته بود.
(۶۲) Spend on
❌ I spend a lot of time for my computer
✅ I spend a lot of time on my computer
زمان زیادی را پای کامپیوترم می‌گذرانم.
(۶۳) Succeed in
❌ I hope he’ll succeed at his work
✅ I hope he’ll succeed in his work
امیدوارم در کارش موفق شود.
(۶۴) Superior to
❌ This is superior from that
✅ This is superior to that
این از آن بهتر / برتر است.
(۶۵) Sure of
❌ I’m quite sure for her honesty
✅ I’m quite sure of her honesty
کاملاً مطمئنم که او صادق است.
(۶۶) Surprised at / by
❌ Harold was surprised for the loud bang
✅ Harold was surprised at the loud bang
هارولد از صدای بلند یک‌دفعه‌ای متعجب شد.
(۶۷) Suspect of
❌ I suspect Kate for stealing the pen
✅ I suspect Kate of stealing the pen
به کیت مظنونم که خودکار را دزدیده باشد.
(۶۸) Take by
❌ Robert took his brother from the hand
✅ Robert took his brother by the hand
رابرت برادرش را از دستش گرفت (دستش را گرفت).
(۶۹) Tie to
❌ The girl tied the string on the kite
✅ The girl tied the string to the kite
دختر نخ را به بادبادک بست.
(۷۰) Tired of
❌ The boys are tired from eating boiled eggs
✅ The boys are tired of eating boiled eggs
پسرها از خوردن تخم‌مرغ آب‌پز خسته شده‌اند.
(۷۱) Translate into
❌ Translate this passage to English
✅ Translate this passage into English
این متن را به انگلیسی ترجمه کن.
(۷۲) Tremble with cold
❌ The man was trembling from cold
✅ The man was trembling with cold
مرد از سرما می‌لرزید.
(۷۳) Warn of danger
❌ They were warned about the danger
✅ They were warned of the danger
آن‌ها از خطر آگاه/هشدار داده شدند.
(۷۴) Write in ink
❌ I’ve written the letter with ink
✅ I’ve written the letter in ink
نامه را با جوهر (خودنویس/خودکار) نوشته‌ام.
(۷۵) Without + -ing
❌ Do your work without to speak
✅ Do your work without speaking
کارت را انجام بده بدون اینکه حرف بزنی.
(۷۶) Instead of + -ing
❌ He went away instead to wait
✅ He went away instead of waiting
او به‌جای اینکه منتظر بماند، رفت.
(۷۷) Capable of + -ing
❌ They’re quite capable to do that
✅ They’re quite capable of doing that
آن‌ها کاملاً توانایی انجام آن کار را دارند.
(۷۸) Fond of + -ing
❌ She’s always fond to talk
✅ She’s always fond of talking
او همیشه از صحبت کردن لذت می‌برد / علاقه دارد حرف بزند.
(۷۹) Insist on + -ing
❌ Simon insisted to go to London
✅ Simon insisted on going to London
سایمون اصرار داشت به لندن برود.
(۸۰) Object to + -ing
❌ I object to be treated like this
✅ I object to being treated like this
به اینکه با من این‌طور رفتار شود اعتراض دارم.
(۸۱) Prevent from + -ing
❌ The rain prevented me to go
✅ The rain prevented me from going
باران مانع شد که بروم.
(۸۲) Succeed in + -ing
❌ Paula succeeded to win the prize
✅ Paula succeeded in winning the prize
پائولا در برنده‌شدنِ جایزه موفق شد.
(۸۳) Think of + -ing
❌ I often think to go to England
✅ I often think of going to England
اغلب به رفتن به انگلیس فکر می‌کنم.
(۸۴) Tired of + -ing
❌ The customer got tired to wait
✅ The customer got tired of waiting
مشتری از صبر کردن خسته شد.
(۸۵) Used to + -ing
❌ She’s used to get up early
✅ She’s used to getting up early
او عادت دارد صبح زود بیدار شود.
(۸۶) Avoid + -ing
❌ You can’t avoid to make mistakes
✅ You can’t avoid making mistakes
نمی‌توانی از اشتباه کردن کاملاً اجتناب کنی.
(۸۷) Enjoy + -ing
❌ I enjoy to play football
✅ I enjoy playing football
از فوتبال بازی کردن لذت می‌برم.
(۸۸) Excuse + -ing
❌ Please excuse me to be so late
✅ Please excuse my being so late
لطفاً دیر رسیدنم را ببخش.
(۸۹) Finish + -ing
❌ Have you finished to speak?
✅ Have you finished speaking?
صحبتت تمام شد؟
(۹۰) Go on + -ing
❌ The music went on to play all day
✅ The music went on playing all day
موسیقی تمام روز ادامه داشت/نواخته می‌شد.
(۹۱) Mind + -ing
❌ Would you mind to open the door?
✅ Would you mind opening the door?
ممکن است در را باز کنی؟ (اشکالی ندارد در را باز کنی؟)
(۹۲) Practise + -ing
❌ You must practise to speak English
✅ You must practise speaking English
باید تمرین کنی انگلیسی صحبت کنی.
(۹۳) Remember + -ing
❌ I don’t remember to have seen him
✅ I don’t remember seeing him
یادم نمی‌آید او را دیده باشم.
(۹۴) Risk + -ing
❌ We couldn’t risk to leave him alone
✅ We couldn’t risk leaving him alone
نمی‌توانستیم ریسک کنیم او را تنها بگذاریم.
(۹۵) Stop + -ing
❌ The wind has almost stopped to blow
✅ The wind has almost stopped blowing
باد تقریباً از وزیدن ایستاده است.
(۹۶) Busy + -ing
❌ He was busy to revise the exams
✅ He was busy revising for the exams
او مشغول مرور برای امتحان‌ها بود.
(۹۷) Worth + -ing
❌ Is today’s film worth to see?
✅ Is today’s film worth seeing?
آیا فیلم امروز ارزش دیدن دارد؟
(۹۸) Have difficulty in + -ing
❌ She has no difficulty to do it
✅ She has no difficulty in doing it
او در انجام آن هیچ سختی‌ای ندارد.
(۹۹) Have the pleasure of + -ing
❌ I had the pleasure to meet him
✅ I had the pleasure of meeting him
افتخار این را داشتم که او را ببینم.
(۱۰۰) It’s no use + -ing
❌ It’s no use to cry like a baby
✅ It’s no use crying like a baby
فایده‌ای ندارد مثل بچه‌ها گریه کنی.
(۱۰۱) It’s no good + -ing
❌ It’s no good to get angry
✅ It’s no good getting angry
عصبانی شدن فایده‌ای ندارد.
(۱۰۲) Look forward to + -ing
❌ I look forward to see him soon
✅ I look forward to seeing him soon
بی‌صبرانه منتظرم به‌زودی او را ببینم.
(۱۰۳) There is no harm in + -ing
❌ There’s no harm to visit her now
✅ There’s no harm in visiting her now
ضرری ندارد الان به دیدنش بروی.
(۱۰۴) Did + infinitive (not past)
❌ Did you went to school yesterday?
✅ Did you go to school yesterday?
دیروز به مدرسه رفتی؟
(۱۰۵) Does + infinitive (not -s)
❌ Does the gardener waters the flowers?
✅ Does the gardener water the flowers?
آیا باغبان گل‌ها را آبیاری می‌کند؟
(۱۰۶) Can + infinitive (not -s)
❌ Ian can speaks English very well
✅ Ian can speak English very well
ایان خیلی خوب انگلیسی صحبت می‌کند.
(۱۰۷) Past after past (sequence of tenses)
❌ Rachel asked me what I am doing
✅ Rachel asked me what I was doing
ریچل از من پرسید که داشتم چه کار می‌کردم.
(۱۰۸) Would (not will) after past
❌ He said he will come tomorrow
✅ He said he would come tomorrow
گفت فردا خواهد آمد.
(۱۰۹) Might (not may) after past
❌ She told me that she may come
✅ She told me that she might come
به من گفت ممکن است بیاید.
(۱۱۰) Could (not can) after past
❌ Ben thought he can win the prize
✅ Ben thought he could win the prize
بن فکر می‌کرد می‌تواند جایزه را ببرد.
(۱۱۱) To + infinitive (not past)
❌ He tried to kicked the ball away
✅ He tried to kick the ball away
او تلاش کرد توپ را دور شوت کند.
(۱۱۲) Have + past participle
❌ I’ve forgot to bring my book
✅ I’ve forgotten to bring my book
یادم رفت کتابم را بیاورم.
(۱۱۳) Ought to have + past participle
❌ You ought to come yesterday
✅ You ought to have come yesterday
باید دیروز می‌آمدی.
(۱۱۴) Simple past with past time word
❌ I have seen a good film yesterday
✅ I saw a good film yesterday
دیروز یک فیلم خوب دیدم.
(۱۱۵) Present perfect for life experience
❌ I saw the Parthenon of Athens
✅ I have seen the Parthenon of Athens
پارتنون آتن را دیده‌ام.
(۱۱۶) Present perfect for just-finished action
❌ The clock struck
✅ The clock has struck
ساعت همین الان زنگ زد / ضربه زد.
(۱۱۷) Present perfect for “since/for” duration
❌ I’m at this school two years
✅ I’ve been at this school two years
دو سال است در این مدرسه هستم.
(۱۱۸) Present perfect after since
❌ Since he came, we’re happy
✅ Since he came, we’ve been happy
از وقتی او آمده، خوشحال بوده‌ایم.
(۱۱۹) Present continuous for “now”
❌ Look! Two boys fight
✅ Look! Two boys are fighting
نگاه کن! دو پسر دارند می‌جنگند.
(۱۲۰) Non‑continuous stative verbs
❌ I’m understanding the lesson now
✅ I understand the lesson now
الان درس را متوجه می‌شوم.
(۱۲۱) Simple present for habit
❌ Every morning I’m going for a walk
✅ Every morning I go for a walk
هر صبح برای قدم‌زدن می‌روم.
(۱۲۲) Not “use to” for present habit
❌ I use to get up at six every morning
✅ I get up at six every morning
هر روز ساعت شش بیدار می‌شوم.
(۱۲۳) Simple past for past habit
❌ Last year I was walking to school every day
✅ Last year I walked to school every day
سال گذشته هر روز پیاده به مدرسه می‌رفتم.
(۱۲۴) Past perfect for “earlier past”
❌ The train already left before I arrived
✅ The train had already left before I arrived
قطار قبل از اینکه برسم، رفته بود.
(۱۲۵) Simple past, not past perfect alone
❌ I’d finished the book yesterday
✅ I finished the book yesterday
دیروز کتاب را تمام کردم.
(۱۲۶) No future in time clause
❌ I’ll see you when I shall come back
✅ I’ll see you when I come back
وقتی برگردم، تو را می‌بینم.
(۱۲۷) No future in if‑clause (real condition)
❌ If he’ll ask me, I will stay
✅ If he asks me, I will stay
اگر از من بخواهد، می‌مانم.
(۱۲۸) Past after as if / as though
❌ Janine talks as if she knows everything
✅ Janine talks as if she knew everything
جنین طوری حرف می‌زند انگار همه‌چیز را می‌داند.
(۱۲۹) Wish + past (present regret)
❌ I would wish to know more English
✅ I wish (that) I knew more English
کاش انگلیسی بیشتری بلد بودم.
(۱۳۰) If + past, would + infinitive (unreal now)
❌ If he would ask me, I would stay
✅ If he asked me, I would stay
اگر از من می‌خواست، می‌ماندم.
(۱۳۱) If + past perfect, would have + p.p. (unreal past)
❌ If he would have asked me, I would stay
✅ If he had asked me, I would have stayed
اگر از من خواسته بود، مانده بودم.
(۱۳۲) Need finite verb, not bare infinitive
❌ Sir, to go home to get my book?
✅ Sir, may I go home to get my book?
آقا، ممکن است بروم خانه کتابم را بیاورم؟
(۱۳۳) Keep tenses consistent
❌ They asked him to be captain, but he refuses
✅ They asked him to be captain, but he refused
از او خواستند کاپیتان باشد، اما قبول نکرد.
(۱۳۴) Gender (it برای اشیاء)
❌ The door is open, please shut her.
✅ The door is open, please shut it.
(۱۳۵) Possessive ’s برای اشیاء بی‌جان
❌ Her room’s window is open.
✅ The window of her room is open.
(۱۳۶) ضمیر فاعلی بعد از be در نوشتار رسمی
❌ It was him.
✅ It was he.
(۱۳۷) ضمیر فاعلی بعد از than در نوشتار رسمی
❌ My sister is taller than me.
✅ My sister is taller than I (am).
(۱۳۸) مفعولی بعد از between
❌ It’s a secret between you and I.
✅ It’s a secret between you and me.
(۱۳۹) مضاف‌الیهِ قبل از gerund
❌ Him laughing at her was what made her angry.
✅ His laughing at her was what made her angry.
(۱۴۰) double genitive با ضمیر ملکی
❌ A friend of him told us the news.
✅ A friend of his told us the news.
(۱۴۱) myself به‌جای I
❌ Michael and myself are here.
✅ Michael and I are here.
(۱۴۲) theirselves / hisself
❌ They fell down and hurt theirselves.
✅ They fell down and hurt themselves.
(۱۴۳) play a play
❌ Becky played a good play of chess.
✅ Becky played a good game of chess.
(۱۴۴) which برای انسان
❌ I’ve a brother which is at school.
✅ I’ve a brother who is at school.
(۱۴۵) which/what بعد از everything
❌ I heard everything which he said.
✅ I heard everything (that) he said.
(۱۴۶) whom در جای نادرست
❌ I saw the woman whom you said lived next door.
✅ I saw the woman (who) you said lived next door.
(۱۴۷) who/which بعد از صیغهٔ عالی
❌ It’s the best which I’ve seen.
✅ It’s the best (that) I’ve seen.
(۱۴۸) the same as / that
❌ Amelia bought the same bag that me.
✅ Amelia bought the same bag as me.
(۱۴۹) who? به‌جای which? بین دو نفر
❌ Who of the two boys is the taller?
✅ Which of the two boys is the taller?
(۱۵۰) جابجایی who / whom در سؤال‌های پیچیده
❌ Whom do you think will be chosen?
✅ Who do you think will be chosen?
❌ Who do you think I saw yesterday?
✅ Whom do you think I saw yesterday?
(۱۵۱) one other به‌جای another
❌ Please give me one other book.
✅ Please give me another book.
(۱۵۲) tallest of the two
❌ John is the tallest of the two boys.
✅ John is the taller of the two boys.
(۱۵۳) taller from
❌ Amy is taller from her brother.
✅ Amy is taller than her brother.
(۱۵۴) larger city (دو تا نیست، بیش از دو تاست)
❌ Cairo is the larger city in Africa.
✅ Cairo is the largest city in Africa.
(۱۵۵) the more people
❌ The more people will agree with me.
✅ Most people will agree with me.
(۱۵۶) more good / more bad
❌ This one looks more good than that.
✅ This one looks better than that.
(۱۵۷) stay home (اینجا نیاز به at)
❌ In the afternoon I stay home.
✅ In the afternoon I stay at home.
(۱۵۸) from به‌جای one of
❌ She is from the nicest girls I know.
✅ She is one of the nicest girls I know.
(۱۵۹) easy to be learned
❌ English isn’t easy to be learned.
✅ English isn’t easy to learn.
(۱۶۰) intransitive passive
❌ She was disappeared from the house.
✅ She disappeared from the house.
(۱۶۱) مخلوط‌کردن form فعل‌ها
❌ It’s better to enjoy yourself when you’re young rather than wasting time worrying about the future.
✅ It’s better to enjoy yourself when you’re young than to waste time worrying about the future.
(۱۶۲) if … would / will غلط
❌ If you would do me this favour, I will be very grateful to you.
✅ If you would do me this favour, I would be very grateful to you.
(۱۶۳) participle بی‌فاعل منطقی
❌ Being in a hurry, the door was left open.
✅ Being in a hurry, he left the door open.
(۱۶۴) isn’t it? همه‌جا
❌ He played well yesterday, isn’t it?
✅ He played well yesterday, didn’t he?
(۱۶۵) for learning (purpose)
❌ I come here for learning English.
✅ I come here to learn English.
(۱۶۶) پاسخ به سؤال منفی (الگو اشتباه:)
❌ Didn’t you see the game? – No (منظور: دیدم)
✅ Didn’t you see the game? – Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.
(۱۶۷) دو منفی در یک جمله
❌ She says she’s not afraid of nobody.
✅ She says she’s not afraid of anybody.
(۱۶۸) one time / two times
❌ I was absent one time or two times.
✅ I was absent once or twice.
(۱۶۹) a day به‌معنای «روزی یک‌بار» خاص
❌ A day they went sight-seeing in Florence.
✅ One day they went sight-seeing in Florence.
(۱۷۰) the other day (معنی «چند روز پیش»)
❌ David slept well and was better the other day.
✅ David slept well and was better the next day.
(۱۷۱) eight and a half برای ساعت
❌ Lessons begin at eight and a half.
✅ Lessons begin at half past eight.
(۱۷۲) as usually
❌ As usually, he left his pen at home.
✅ As usual, he left his pen at home.
(۱۷۳) according to my opinion
❌ According to my opinion, she’s right.
✅ In my opinion, she’s right.
(۱۷۴) at the end / in the end
❌ At the end they reached the city.
✅ In the end they reached the city.
(۱۷۵) under the rain
❌ They played football under the rain.
✅ They played football in the rain.
(۱۷۶) the reason is because
❌ The reason is because I believe it.
✅ The reason is that I believe it.
(۱۷۷) in a country / in the country
❌ I spend my holidays in a country.
✅ I spend my holidays in the country.
(۱۷۸) if به‌جای whether (وقتی or not ضمنی است)
❌ I asked Paul if he was going.
✅ I asked Paul whether he was going.
(۱۷۹) any of these two
❌ Any of these two books is good.
✅ Either of these two books is good.
(۱۸۰) the cinema likes me
❌ The cinema likes me very much.
✅ I like the cinema very much.
(۱۸۱) neither … or
❌ Sara speaks neither English or French.
✅ Sara speaks neither English nor French.
(۱۸۲) both … didn’t
❌ Both of them didn’t go to school today.
✅ Neither of them went to school today.
(۱۸۳) also/too در جملهٔ منفی
❌ Joe hasn’t come also.
✅ Joe hasn’t come either.
(۱۸۴) and در منفی با دو گزینه
❌ I don’t like red and orange. I want the blue one.
✅ I don’t like red or orange. I want the blue one.
(۱۸۵) till به‌جای before / when
❌ I’d reached the school till the rain started.
✅ I’d reached the school before the rain started.
(۱۸۶) I read too hard
❌ I read too hard for the exam.
✅ I studied very hard for the exam.
برای امتحان خیلی سخت/زیاد درس خواندم.
(۱۸۷) He is in the same age as me
❌ He is in the same age as me.
✅ He is the same age as me.
او هم‌سنِ من است.
(۱۸۸) I have visited there
❌ I have visited there last year.
✅ I visited there last year.
سال گذشته آن‌جا را دیدم / به آن‌جا رفتم.
(۱۸۹) I very like it
❌ I very like this movie.
✅ I like this movie very much.
این فیلم را خیلی دوست دارم.
(۱۹۰) I didn’t went
❌ I didn’t went to the party.
✅ I didn’t go to the party.
به مهمانی نرفتم.
(۱۹۱) She is teacher
❌ She is teacher in a high school.
✅ She is a teacher in a high school.
او معلمِ یک دبیرستان است.
(۱۹۲) He explained me the problem
❌ He explained me the problem.
✅ He explained the problem to me.
او مشکل را برایم توضیح داد.
(۱۹۳) I’m here since two hours
❌ I’m here since two hours.
✅ I have been here for two hours.
دو ساعت است اینجا هستم.
(۱۹۴) I didn’t knew
❌ I didn’t knew the answer.
✅ I didn’t know the answer.
جواب را نمی‌دانستم.
(۱۹۵) I’m waiting you
❌ I’m waiting you at the station.
✅ I’m waiting for you at the station.
در ایستگاه منتظرِ تو هستم.
(۱۹۶) He told that he was tired
❌ He told that he was tired.
✅ He said that he was tired.
او گفت که خسته است.
(۱۹۷) It depends of you
❌ It depends of you.
✅ It depends on you.
به تو بستگی دارد.
(۱۹۸) He suggested me to go
❌ He suggested me to go home.
✅ He suggested that I (should) go home.
پیشنهاد کرد که به خانه بروم.
(۱۹۹) I didn’t wrote
❌ I didn’t wrote the report.
✅ I didn’t write the report.
گزارش را ننوشتم.
(۲۰۰) I’m agree
❌ I’m agree with you.
✅ I agree with you.
با تو موافقم.
(۲۰۱) I’m boring
❌ I’m boring in this class.
✅ I’m bored in this class.
در این کلاس حوصله‌ام سر می‌رود.
(۲۰۲) I’m interesting in
❌ I’m interesting in physics.
✅ I’m interested in physics.
به فیزیک علاقه‌مندم.
(۲۰۳) It was happened yesterday
❌ It was happened yesterday.
✅ It happened yesterday.
دیروز اتفاق افتاد.
(۲۰۴) I became a cold
❌ I became a cold last week.
✅ I caught a cold last week.
هفتهٔ گذشته سرما خوردم.
(۲۰۵) I have a 25 years old
❌ I have 25 years old.
✅ I am 25 years old.
۲۵ ساله هستم.
(۲۰۶) I didn’t listened
❌ I didn’t listened to him.
✅ I didn’t listen to him.
به او گوش نکردم.
(۲۰۷) I’m living here since 2020
❌ I’m living here since 2020.
✅ I have been living here since 2020.
از سال ۲۰۲۰ اینجا زندگی می‌کنم.
(۲۰۸) It was very fun
❌ It was very fun.
✅ It was a lot of fun.
خیلی خوش گذشت / خیلی سرگرم‌کننده بود.
(۲۰۹) He explained about the problem
❌ He explained about the problem.
✅ He explained the problem.
او مشکل را توضیح داد.
(۲۱۰) We discussed about it
❌ We discussed about it.
✅ We discussed it.
در موردش بحث کردیم.
(۲۱۱) I’m looking forward to see you
❌ I’m looking forward to see you.
✅ I’m looking forward to seeing you.
بی‌صبرانه منتظر دیدن تو هستم.
(۲۱۲) I’m good in English
❌ I’m good in English.
✅ I’m good at English.
در انگلیسی خوب هستم.
(۲۱۳) I didn’t went nowhere
❌ I didn’t went nowhere yesterday.
✅ I didn’t go anywhere yesterday.
دیروز هیچ‌جا نرفتم.
(۲۱۴) I’ll explain you
❌ I’ll explain you later.
✅ I’ll explain it to you later.
بعداً آن را برایت توضیح می‌دهم.
(۲۱۵) We are five in my family
❌ We are five in my family.
✅ There are five of us in my family.
ما پنج نفر در خانواده هستیم.
(۲۱۶) I make always mistakes
❌ I make always mistakes.
✅ I always make mistakes.
همیشه اشتباه می‌کنم.
(۲۱۷) Now I’m going to home
❌ Now I’m going to home.
✅ Now I’m going home.
الان دارم به خانه می‌روم.
(۲۱۸) It’s more easy
❌ It’s more easy than that.
✅ It’s easier than that.
از آن آسان‌تر است.
(۲۱۹) I didn’t had time
❌ I didn’t had time.
✅ I didn’t have time.
وقت نداشتم.
(۲۲۰) I prefer more coffee
❌ I prefer more coffee than tea.
✅ I prefer coffee to tea.
قهوه را به چای ترجیح می‌دهم.
(۲۲۱) Ask for
❌ She came and asked my book
✅ She came and asked for my book
او آمد و کتاب مرا خواست.
(۲۲۲) Dispose of / Get rid of
❌ He’ll dispose all his property
✅ He’ll dispose of all his property
او تمام اموالش را واگذار خواهد کرد.
(۲۲۳) Dream of
❌ Young men dream glory and riches
✅ Young men dream of glory and riches
مردان جوان رویای شکوه و ثروت را در سر دارند.
(۲۲۴) Explain to
❌ She explained me the matter
✅ She explained the matter to me
او موضوع را برایم توضیح داد.
(۲۲۵) Knock at
❌ Who is knocking the door?
✅ Who is knocking at the door?
چه کسی در می‌زند؟
(۲۲۶) Listen to
❌ They were listening the music
✅ They were listening to the music
آن‌ها به موسیقی گوش می‌دادند.
(۲۲۷) Pay for
❌ How much did you pay the book?
✅ How much did you pay for the book?
کتاب را چقدر خریدی؟
(۲۲۸) Point to / at
❌ He pointed the map on the wall
✅ He pointed to the map on the wall
او به نقشه روی دیوار اشاره کرد.
(۲۲۹) Remind of
❌ Please remind me that later
✅ Please remind me of that later
لطفاً بعداً به من یادآوری کن.
(۲۳۰) Reply to
❌ She’s not replied me yet
✅ She’s not replied to me yet
هنوز به من پاسخ نداده است.
(۲۳۱) Say to
❌ Kevin said me, ‘Come tomorrow’
✅ Kevin said to me, ‘Come tomorrow’
کوین به من گفت «فردا بیا».
(۲۳۲) Search for
❌ They’re searching the ball
✅ They’re searching for the ball
آن‌ها دنبال توپ می‌گردند.
(۲۳۳) Share with
❌ My friend shared me his book
✅ My friend shared his book with me
دوستم کتابش را با من شریک شد.
(۲۳۴) Speak to
❌ I’ll speak him about that
✅ I’ll speak to him about that
دربارهٔ آن با او صحبت خواهم کرد.
(۲۳۵) Supply with
❌ Can you supply me all I need?
✅ Can you supply me with all I need?
می‌توانی همهٔ چیزهایی را که نیاز دارم برایم فراهم کنی؟
(۲۳۶) Think of
❌ Think a number and then double it
✅ Think of a number and then double it
یک عدد در نظر بگیر و سپس دو برابرش کن.
(۲۳۷) Wait for
❌ I’ll wait you at the cinema
✅ I’ll wait for you at the cinema
جلوی سینما منتظرت خواهم بود.
(۲۳۸) Wish for
❌ He doesn’t wish any reward
✅ He doesn’t wish for any reward
او هیچ پاداشی نمی‌خواهد.
(۲۳۹) Write to
❌ I’ll write her tomorrow
✅ I’ll write to her tomorrow
فردا برایش می‌نویسم.
(۲۴۰) Third person -s
❌ He speak English very well
✅ He speaks English very well
او خیلی خوب انگلیسی صحبت می‌کند.
(۲۴۱) Don’t / Doesn’t
❌ He don’t care what he says
✅ He doesn’t care what he says
اهمیتی نمی‌دهد چه چیزی می‌گوید.
(۲۴۲) Past -ed ending
❌ I receive a letter yesterday
✅ I received a letter yesterday
دیروز نامه‌ای دریافت کردم.
(۲۴۳) a / an after be
❌ I’m not teacher, I’m student
✅ I’m not a teacher, I’m a student
من معلم نیستم، دانشجو هستم.
(۲۴۴) half a
❌ He drank half glass of milk
✅ He drank half a glass of milk
او نصف لیوان شیر نوشید.
(۲۴۵) a / one hundred
❌ Hundred years make a century
✅ A hundred years make a century
یک صد سال یک قرن می‌سازد.
(۲۴۶) make a noise
❌ I told them not to make noise
✅ I told them not to make a noise
به آن‌ها گفتم سر و صدا نکنند.
(۲۴۷) the + nationalities
❌ English are fond of sports
✅ The English are fond of sports
انگلیسی‌ها علاقه‌مند به ورزش هستند.
(۲۴۸) the + musical instruments
❌ I play violin, but not piano
✅ I play the violin, but not the piano
من ویولن می‌نوازم، اما پیانو نه.
(۲۴۹) the cinema / theatre
❌ On Saturday I go to cinema
✅ On Saturday I go to the cinema
شنبه‌ها به سینما می‌روم.
(۲۵۰) was born (passive)
❌ Charles Dickens born in 1812
✅ Charles Dickens was born in 1812
چارلز دیکنز در ۱۸۱۲ متولد شد.
(۲۵۱) Do / Does in questions
❌ You understand the problem?
✅ Do you understand the problem?
مسئله را متوجه می‌شوی؟
(۲۵۲) Do + do (principal verb)
❌ Do pupils their work carefully?
✅ Do pupils do their work carefully?
آیا دانش‌آموزان کارشان را با دقت انجام می‌دهند؟
(۲۵۳) on + date
❌ I was born the third of December
✅ I was born on the third of December
من سوم دسامبر متولد شدم.
(۲۵۴) Infinitive + preposition (live in)
❌ They’ve no houses to live
✅ They’ve no houses to live in
آن‌ها خانه‌ای برای زندگی ندارند.
(۲۵۵) there + verb + subject
❌ Once lived a great king
✅ Once there lived a great king
یک‌بار پادشاه بزرگی زندگی می‌کرد.
(۲۵۶) know how to
❌ She knows to play the piano
✅ She knows how to play the piano
او بلد است پیانو بنوازد.
(۲۵۷) other after comparative
❌ Homer was greater than all the Greek poets
✅ Homer was greater than all the other Greek poets
هومر از همهٔ شاعران یونانی دیگر بزرگ‌تر بود.
(۲۵۸) before in comparisons
❌ I’d never seen such a thing
✅ I’d never seen such a thing before
هرگز چنین چیزی را قبلاً ندیده بودم.
(۲۵۹) else after everybody
❌ She is stronger than everybody
✅ She is stronger than everybody else
او از هر کس دیگری قوی‌تر است.
(۲۶۰) one (demonstrative)
❌ This is the only that I like
✅ This is the only one that I like
این تنها چیزی است که دوست دارم.
(۲۶۱) pronoun + infinitive
❌ I want to tell me the truth
✅ I want you to tell me the truth
می‌خواهم حقیقت را به من بگویی.
(۲۶۲) it (impersonal subject)
❌ Is very hot in the Sudan
✅ It’s very hot in the Sudan
در سودان خیلی گرم است.
(۲۶۳) Pronoun in main clause
❌ When he saw the teacher, stood up
✅ When he saw the teacher, he stood up
وقتی معلم را دید، ایستاد.
(۲۶۴) Pronoun after quotation
❌ ‘I’m learning English,’ said
✅ ‘I’m learning English,’ he said
او گفت «دارم انگلیسی یاد می‌گیرم».
(۲۶۵) Object must be expressed
❌ I asked her for some paper, but she had not
✅ I asked her for some paper, but she had none
از او کاغذ خواستم، اما نداشت.
(۲۶۶) Direct object with give
❌ I asked him for some ink, and he gave me
✅ I asked him for some ink, and he gave me some
از او جوهر خواستم و او کمی به من داد.
(۲۶۷) enjoy + object
❌ I enjoyed during the holidays
✅ I enjoyed myself during the holidays
در تعطیلات خوش گذراندم.
(۲۶۸) Noun after adjective
❌ The unfortunate was shot dead
✅ The unfortunate man was shot dead
مرد بدبخت با شلیک گلوله کشته شد.
(۲۶۹) and between numbers
❌ Eight thousand thirty-seven
✅ Eight thousand and thirty-seven
هشت هزار و سی و هفت.
(۲۷۰) or between options
❌ I’ve only two, three friends
✅ I’ve only two or three friends
فقط دو یا سه دوست دارم.
(۲۷۱) years old
❌ My sister is fifteen years
✅ My sister is fifteen years old
خواهرم پانزده ساله است.
(۲۷۲) for this reason
❌ For this he wants to leave
✅ For this reason he wants to leave
به همین دلیل می‌خواهد برود.
(۲۷۳) had better
❌ Better go home at once
✅ You’d better go home at once
بهتر است فوراً به خانه بروی.
(۲۷۴) upstairs / downstairs
❌ He’s up, he’s down
✅ He’s upstairs, he’s downstairs
او طبقهٔ بالا / پایین است.
(۲۷۵) throw it away
❌ It’s dirty, throw it
✅ It’s dirty, throw it away
کثیف است، دورش بینداز.
(۲۷۶) Leave (not leave from)
❌ Brian left from England last week
✅ Brian left England last week
برایان هفتهٔ گذشته انگلستان را ترک کرد.
(۲۷۷) Obey (not obey to)
❌ We should obey to our teachers
✅ We should obey our teachers
باید از معلمانمان اطاعت کنیم.
(۲۷۸) Allow / let (no ‘to’ before object)
❌ The driver allowed to John to sit
✅ The driver allowed John to sit
راننده اجازه داد جان بنشیند.
(۲۷۹) Reach (not reach at)
❌ We reached at the school early
✅ We reached the school early
زود به مدرسه رسیدیم.
(۲۸۰) Resemble (not resemble to)
❌ Does she resemble to her father?
✅ Does she resemble her father?
آیا او شبیه پدرش است؟
(۲۸۱) Answer (not answer to)
❌ Please answer to my question
✅ Please answer my question
لطفاً به سوالم پاسخ بده.
⚠️ اما اسم «answer» حرف اضافه می‌گیرد: His answer to my question was wrong.
(۲۸۲) Approach (not approach to)
❌ Don’t approach to that house
✅ Don’t approach that house
به آن خانه نزدیک نشو.
(۲۸۳) Ask (not ask to)
❌ I asked to the teacher about it
✅ I asked the teacher about it
از معلم در موردش پرسیدم.
(۲۸۴) Attack (not attack against)
❌ They attacked against the enemy
✅ They attacked the enemy
آن‌ها به دشمن حمله کردند.
⚠️ اما: make an attack on someone
(۲۸۵) Comprise (not comprise of)
❌ The book comprises of five chapters
✅ The book comprises five chapters
کتاب شامل پنج فصل است.
یا: The book is comprised of five chapters.
(۲۸۶) Enter (not enter into)
❌ We entered into the classroom
✅ We entered the classroom
وارد کلاس شدیم.
⚠️ اما: enter into a conversation, a debate, a discussion
(۲۸۷) Finish (not finish from)
❌ I’ve finished from my work
✅ I’ve finished my work
کارم تمام شده است.
(۲۸۸) Leave (not leave from)
❌ Brian left from England last week
✅ Brian left England last week
برایان هفتهٔ گذشته انگلستان را ترک کرد.
(۲۸۹) Obey (not obey to)
❌ We should obey to our teachers
✅ We should obey our teachers
باید از معلمانمان اطاعت کنیم.
(۲۹۰) Allow / Let (no to before object)
❌ The driver allowed to John (to) sit
✅ The driver allowed John (to) sit
راننده اجازه داد جان بنشیند.
(۲۹۱) Reach (not reach at)
❌ We reached at the school early
✅ We reached the school early
زود به مدرسه رسیدیم.
(۲۹۲) Resemble (not resemble to)
❌ Does she resemble to her father?
✅ Does she resemble her father?
آیا او شبیه پدرش است؟
⚠️ اما: resemblance to / resemblance between
(۲۹۳) Tell (not tell to)
❌ I told to him to come at once
✅ I told him to come at once
به او گفتم فوراً بیاید.
(۲۹۴) Behind (not behind of)
❌ Edward hid behind of a large tree
✅ Edward hid behind a large tree
ادوارد پشت درخت بزرگی پنهان شد.
(۲۹۵) Inside / Outside / Round (no of)
❌ The boys went inside of the room
✅ The boys went inside the room
پسرها داخل اتاق رفتند.
همین‌طور: outside (not outside of), round (not round of)
(۲۹۶) No the before proper nouns
❌ The Sarah will go to the England
✅ Sarah will go to England
سارا به انگلستان خواهد رفت.
⚠️ استثنا: the Nile, the Alps, the United States, the Mediterranean
(۲۹۷) No the with possessive proper nouns
❌ The Euripides’ tragedies are famous
✅ Euripides’ tragedies are famous
تراژدی‌های اوریپید مشهور است.
(۲۹۸) No the with abstract nouns (general sense)
❌ The bravery is a great virtue
✅ Bravery is a great virtue
شجاعت فضیلت بزرگی است.
⚠️ اما در معنای خاص: The bravery of the Spartans was renowned.
(۲۹۹) No the with material nouns (general)
❌ The gold is a precious metal
✅ Gold is a precious metal
طلا فلز گران‌بهایی است.
(۳۰۰) No the with plural nouns (general sense)
❌ The dogs are faithful animals
✅ Dogs are faithful animals
سگ‌ها حیوانات وفاداری هستند.
(۳۰۱) No the with languages
❌ Tim speaks the English very well
✅ Tim speaks English very well
تیم خیلی خوب انگلیسی صحبت می‌کند.
(۳۰۲) No the with meals
❌ We’ll start after the breakfast
✅ We’ll start after breakfast
بعد از صبحانه شروع خواهیم کرد.
⚠️ مگر اینکه منظور وعدهٔ غذای خاصی باشد: The lunch they provided was excellent.
(۳۰۳) No the with games
❌ My favourite game is the football
✅ My favourite game is football
بازی مورد علاقهٔ من فوتبال است.
(۳۰۴) No the with diseases
❌ The cholera is a dreadful disease
✅ Cholera is a dreadful disease
وبا بیماری وحشتناکی است.
(۳۰۵) No the with colours
❌ The green is a beautiful colour
✅ Green is a beautiful colour
سبز رنگ زیبایی است.
(۳۰۶) No the with senses
❌ The sight is one of the five senses
✅ Sight is one of the five senses
بینایی یکی از پنج حس است.
(۳۰۷) No the with days/months
❌ The Sunday can be a day of prayer
✅ Sunday can be a day of prayer
یکشنبه می‌تواند روز دعا باشد.
(۳۰۸) No the with “man” (human race)
❌ The man is born a sinner
✅ Man is born a sinner
انسان گناهکار متولد می‌شود.
(۳۰۹) go to school (not the school)
❌ My sister goes to the school
✅ My sister goes to school
خواهرم به مدرسه می‌رود (= دانش‌آموز است).
⚠️ اما: go to the school = رفتن برای بازدید از ساختمان مدرسه
(۳۱۰) go to church (not the church)
❌ On Sunday I go to the church
✅ On Sunday I go to church
یکشنبه‌ها به کلیسا می‌روم (= برای دعا).
⚠️ همین‌طور: go to bed, go to hospital, go to prison, sit at table
(۳۱۱) No the with nature (general sense)
❌ The nature is beautiful in spring
✅ Nature is beautiful in spring
طبیعت در بهار زیباست.
(۳۱۲) No the with society (general)
❌ A thief is a danger to the society
✅ A thief is a danger to society
دزد خطری برای جامعه است.
(۳۱۳) in future (not in the future)
❌ You must be careful in the future
✅ You must be careful in future
باید در آینده مراقب باشی (= از این به بعد).
⚠️ اما: in the future = در زمان آینده (به طور کلی)
(۳۱۴) No the after “whose”
❌ The boy whose the father is ill has left
✅ The boy whose father is ill has left
پسری که پدرش بیمار است رفته است.
(۳۱۵) No a/an before work, fun, health, permission
❌ Gillian has found a work at the bank
✅ Gillian has found work at the bank
جیلیان در بانک کار پیدا کرده است.
(۳۱۶) No the after “both”
❌ Both the my parents are in Paris
✅ Both my parents are in Paris
هر دو والدینم در پاریس هستند.
(۳۱۷) No the with double possessive
❌ A friend of the my father’s came
✅ A friend of my father’s came
یکی از دوستان پدرم آمد.
(۳۱۸) No “to” after infinitive of purpose
❌ I came here to to learn English
✅ I came here to learn English
من اینجا آمدم تا انگلیسی یاد بگیرم.
(۳۱۹) No second “to” after “go”
❌ Don’t go to to play now
✅ Don’t go to play now
الان نرو بازی کنی.
(۳۲۰) No “to” after modal verbs
❌ They must to work hard
✅ They must work hard
آن‌ها باید سخت کار کنند.
⚠️ همین‌طور: can, may, shall, will, might, would, should, could
(۳۲۱) No “to” after “let” / “make” / “dare”
❌ Let me to go now
✅ Let me go now
بگذار الان بروم.
(۳۲۲) No “for to”
❌ Is this for to drink?
✅ Is this to drink? / Is this for drinking?
این برای نوشیدن است؟
(۳۲۳) key to (not key of)
❌ This is the key of my room
✅ This is the key to my room
این کلید اتاق من است.
(۳۲۴) all of (optional before pronouns)
❌ All of the students passed
✅ All the students passed
همهٔ دانش‌آموزان قبول شدند.
⚠️ اما با ضمیر باید “of” بیاید: All of them passed.
(۳۲۵) No “of” after “off”
❌ He jumped off of the wall
✅ He jumped off the wall
او از دیوار پرید.
(۳۲۶) No “of” after “near”
❌ The dog came near of me
✅ The dog came near me
سگ نزدیک من آمد.
(۳۲۷) No “to” after “until”
❌ They worked until to sunset
✅ They worked until sunset
آن‌ها تا غروب کار کردند.
(۳۲۸) No “to” after “since”
❌ I’ve been here since to 5 o’clock
✅ I’ve been here since 5 o’clock
از ساعت ۵ اینجا بوده‌ام.
(۳۲۹) No double negative
❌ I don’t know nothing about it
✅ I don’t know anything about it
من چیزی در موردش نمی‌دانم.
(۳۳۰) No “not” after “unless”
❌ Unless you don’t hurry, you’ll be late
✅ Unless you hurry, you’ll be late
مگر اینکه عجله کنی، دیر خواهی کرد.
(۳۳۱) No “not” after “scarcely” / “hardly”
❌ She scarcely did not eat anything
✅ She scarcely ate anything
او به سختی چیزی خورد.
(۳۳۲) more than (not more as)
❌ He has more as a thousand books
✅ He has more than a thousand books
او بیش از هزار کتاب دارد.
(۳۳۳) other than (not other but)
❌ No country other but Britain
✅ No country other than Britain
هیچ کشوری به جز بریتانیا.
(۳۳۴) although / though (not although… but)
❌ Although it rained, but we went
✅ Although it rained, we went
اگرچه باران آمد، اما ما رفتیم.
(۳۳۵) No “people” after collective nouns
❌ Many people drowned in the flood
✅ Many drowned in the flood
Or: Many people drowned…
خیلی‌ها در سیل غرق شدند.
⚠️ اما می‌توان گفت: Many people died.
(۳۳۶) much (not much of) before adjective
❌ This is much of better
✅ This is much better
این خیلی بهتر است.
(۳۳۷) without a (before singular countable)
❌ He came without a hat
✅ He came without a hat
او بدون کلاه آمد.
(۳۳۸) a little (not a little of)
❌ Please give me a little of milk
✅ Please give me a little milk
لطفاً کمی شیر به من بده.
(۳۳۹) enough (not enough of)
❌ I have enough of money
✅ I have enough money
من پول کافی دارم.
(۳۴۰) return (not return back)
❌ They returned back home
✅ They returned home
آن‌ها به خانه بازگشتند.
(۳۴۱) “only” before the word it modifies
❌ I only saw her once
✅ I saw her only once
من او را فقط یک بار دیدم.
⚠️ معنی تغییر می‌کند: “I only saw her” = فقط دیدمش (نشنیدمش)
(۳۴۲) “also” before main verb
❌ He speaks also French
✅ He also speaks French
او فرانسه هم صحبت می‌کند.
⚠️ اما بعد از “be”: He is also a teacher.
(۳۴۳) “too” at end of sentence
❌ He too is very tall
✅ He is very tall too
او هم خیلی بلند است.
(۳۴۴) “both” before auxiliary / after “be”
❌ They have both gone
✅ They have both gone (صحیح است)
Or: Both of them have gone
هر دو رفته‌اند.
⚠️ قبل از فعل اصلی: They both like music.
بعد از “be”: They are both happy.
(۳۴۵) “always” before main verb / after “be”
❌ She goes always to school
✅ She always goes to school
او همیشه به مدرسه می‌رود.
⚠️ بعد از “be”: She is always late.
(۳۴۶) “never” before main verb
❌ I go never to the theatre
✅ I never go to the theatre
من هرگز به تئاتر نمی‌روم.
(۳۴۷) “often” before main verb
❌ I see often him at the club
✅ I often see him at the club
من اغلب او را در باشگاه می‌بینم.
(۳۴۸) “still” before main verb
❌ He works still in that office
✅ He still works in that office
او هنوز در آن دفتر کار می‌کند.
(۳۴۹) Adverb between verb and object
❌ He speaks fluently English
✅ He speaks English fluently
او روان انگلیسی صحبت می‌کند.
(۳۵۰) “enough” after adjective/adverb
❌ This is enough good
✅ This is good enough
این به اندازهٔ کافی خوب است.
(۳۵۱) “ago” after time expression
❌ Ago three years I went to Rome
✅ Three years ago I went to Rome
سه سال پیش به رم رفتم.
(۳۵۲) “else” after indefinite pronouns
❌ Else somebody must have done it
✅ Somebody else must have done it
شخص دیگری باید این کار را کرده باشد.
(۳۵۳) Noun before adjective clause
❌ A gentleman came who wanted to see you
✅ A gentleman who wanted to see you came
آقایی که می‌خواست شما را ببیند آمد.
(۳۵۴) “very much” after verb
❌ I like very much apples
✅ I like apples very much
من خیلی سیب دوست دارم.
(۳۵۵) Preposition before relative pronoun
❌ This is the man I spoke to him
✅ This is the man to whom I spoke
Or: This is the man I spoke to
این مردی است که با او صحبت کردم.
(۳۵۶) Question word order
❌ I don’t know where is he
✅ I don’t know where he is
نمی‌دانم او کجاست.
(۳۵۷) at / in (place) at = نقطه‌ای کوچک / in = فضای بسته یا شهر/کشور
✅ He lives at 25 King Street
✅ He lives in London
✅ She’s at the door / in the room
(۳۵۸) at / on / in (time) at = ساعت مشخص
on = روز یا تاریخ
in = ماه، سال، فصل، بخش روز
✅ at 5 o’clock / at noon / at night
✅ on Monday / on 3rd May
✅ in January / in 2025 / in summer / in the morning
(۳۵۹) by / with by = عامل انجام‌دهنده (در مجهول)
with = ابزار
✅ The letter was written by John
✅ He wrote it with a pen
نامه توسط جان با قلم نوشته شد.
(۳۶۰) beside / besides beside = کنار، در جنب
besides = علاوه بر
✅ Come and sit beside me
✅ Besides English, he speaks French
بیا کنارم بنشین. علاوه بر انگلیسی، او فرانسه هم صحبت می‌کند.
(۳۶۱) between / among between = بین دو چیز/نفر
among = در میان بیش از دو
✅ She sat between Mary and Jane
✅ He was among his friends
او بین مری و جین نشست / او در میان دوستانش بود.
(۳۶۲) from / since from = نقطهٔ شروع (با تا)
since = از زمانی تاکنون (با present perfect)
✅ I worked from 9 to 5
✅ I’ve been here since Monday
من از ۹ تا ۵ کار کردم / از دوشنبه اینجا بوده‌ام.
(۳۶۳) after / afterwards after = حرف اضافه (قبل از اسم)
afterwards = قید (= بعداً)
✅ After the lesson we went home
✅ We went to the cinema and afterwards to a restaurant
بعد از درس به خانه رفتیم / به سینما و بعداً به رستوران رفتیم.
(۳۶۴) till / until / to till/until = تا (زمان)
to = تا (مکان/عدد)
✅ Wait here till/until I return
✅ I walked to the station
✅ Count to ten
اینجا صبر کن تا برگردم / تا ایستگاه راه رفتم.
(۳۶۵) for / during / while for + مدت زمان
during + اسم (رویداد)
while + جمله
✅ I waited for two hours
✅ During the war many died
✅ While I was waiting, he came
دو ساعت منتظر ماندم / در طول جنگ خیلی‌ها مردند.
(۳۶۶) in / into / in to in = داخل (بدون حرکت)
into = به داخل (با حرکت)
in to = دو کلمهٔ جداگانه
✅ He’s in the room
✅ He came into the room
✅ He came in to see me
او در اتاق است / او داخل اتاق آمد / او برای دیدن من داخل آمد.
(۳۶۷) on / onto on = روی (بدون حرکت)
onto = به روی (با حرکت)
✅ The book is on the table
✅ He jumped onto the table
کتاب روی میز است / او روی میز پرید.
(۳۶۸) except / besides except = به جز (استثنا)
besides = علاوه بر
✅ All came except John
✅ Besides John, Mary came too
همه آمدند به جز جان / علاوه بر جان، مری هم آمد.
(۳۶۹) say / tell say = گفتن (بدون مفعول مستقیم)
tell = گفتن به (با مفعول)
✅ He said, “I’m tired”
✅ He told me he was tired
او گفت «خسته‌ام» / او به من گفت که خسته است.
(۳۷۰) speak / talk speak = صحبت کردن (رسمی‌تر) / زبان
talk = گفتگو کردن (غیررسمی)
✅ He speaks three languages
✅ They were talking about the match
او سه زبان صحبت می‌کند / آن‌ها دربارهٔ مسابقه صحبت می‌کردند.
(۳۷۱) hear / listen (to) hear = شنیدن (غیرارادی)
listen to = گوش دادن (ارادی)
✅ I heard a noise
✅ I’m listening to music
صدایی شنیدم / دارم به موسیقی گوش می‌دهم.
(۳۷۲) see / look at / watch see = دیدن (غیرارادی)
look at = نگاه کردن به
watch = تماشا کردن (با توجه)
✅ I saw him in the street
✅ Look at this picture
✅ I watched TV last night
او را در خیابان دیدم / به این عکس نگاه کن / دیشب تلویزیون تماشا کردم.
(۳۷۳) learn / teach learn = یاد گرفتن
teach = یاد دادن
✅ I’m learning English
✅ Mr Brown teaches us English
من دارم انگلیسی یاد می‌گیرم / آقای براون به ما انگلیسی یاد می‌دهد.
(۳۷۴) borrow / lend borrow = قرض گرفتن
lend = قرض دادن
✅ May I borrow your pen?
✅ Can you lend me your pen?
می‌توانم قلمت را قرض بگیرم؟ / می‌توانی قلمت را به من قرض بدهی؟
(۳۷۵) bring / take bring = آوردن (به سمت گوینده)
take = بردن (دور از گوینده)
✅ Bring it to me
✅ Take it away
آن را برایم بیاور / آن را ببر.
(۳۷۶) come / go come = آمدن (به سمت گوینده)
go = رفتن (دور شدن)
✅ Please come here
✅ I must go now
لطفاً اینجا بیا / باید الان بروم.
(۳۷۷) do / make do = انجام دادن (کار، تکلیف)
make = ساختن، درست کردن
✅ Do your homework
✅ She made a cake
✅ Do a mistake ❌ → Make a mistake ✅
تکلیفت را انجام بده / او کیک درست کرد / اشتباه کردن.
(۳۷۸) accept / receive accept = پذیرفتن (داوطلبانه)
receive = دریافت کردن
✅ I received a gift but didn’t accept it
هدیه‌ای دریافت کردم اما آن را نپذیرفتم.
(۳۷۹) remember / remind remember = به یاد داشتن
remind = یادآوری کردن
✅ I remember his name
✅ Remind me to phone him
اسمش را به یاد دارم / به من یادآوری کن که به او زنگ بزنم.
(۳۸۰) lie / lay lie (lay, lain) = دراز کشیدن
lay (laid, laid) = گذاشتن
✅ I’m going to lie down
✅ Lay the book on the table
می‌خواهم دراز بکشم / کتاب را روی میز بگذار.
(۳۸۱) rise / raise / arise rise (rose, risen) = بلند شدن (بدون مفعول)
raise (raised, raised) = بلند کردن (با مفعول)
arise (arose, arisen) = پیش آمدن، بروز کردن
✅ The sun rises in the east
✅ Raise your hand
✅ A problem has arisen
خورشید از شرق طلوع می‌کند / دستت را بلند کن / مشکلی پیش آمده.
(۳۸۲) rob / steal rob + person/place = از کسی/جایی دزدی کردن
steal + thing = چیزی را دزدیدن
✅ They robbed the bank
✅ They stole the money
آن‌ها بانک را دزدیدند / آن‌ها پول را دزدیدند.
(۳۸۳) win / beat / gain win + game/prize = برنده شدن
beat + opponent = شکست دادن
gain = به دست آوردن
✅ We won the match
✅ We beat them 3-0
✅ He gained experience
ما مسابقه را بردیم / آن‌ها را ۳ بر صفر شکست دادیم / او تجربه کسب کرد.
(۳۸۴) expect / wait (for) / hope expect = انتظار داشتن (احتمال بالا)
wait for = منتظر ماندن
hope = امیدوار بودن
✅ I expect him to arrive soon
✅ I’m waiting for the bus
✅ I hope you’ll pass the exam
انتظار دارم زود برسد / منتظر اتوبوس هستم / امیدوارم در امتحان قبول شوی.
(۳۸۵) affect / effect affect (verb) = تأثیر گذاشتن
effect (noun) = اثر، نتیجه
✅ Smoking affects your health
✅ What’s the effect of smoking?
سیگار روی سلامتی تأثیر می‌گذارد / اثر سیگار چیست؟
(۳۸۶) ago / before ago = پیش (از الان، با past simple)
before = قبلاً (با past perfect یا بدون زمان مشخص)
✅ I saw him two days ago
✅ I had seen him before
دو روز پیش او را دیدم / قبلاً او را دیده بودم.
(۳۸۷) already / yet / still already = قبلاً، از الان (در جملات مثبت)
yet = هنوز (در سوالی و منفی)
still = هنوز (در مثبت، با تداوم)
✅ I’ve already finished
✅ Have you finished yet?
✅ I still haven’t finished
من قبلاً تمام کرده‌ام / هنوز تمام کرده‌ای؟ / هنوز تمام نکرده‌ام.
(۳۸۸) too / also / as well / either too/also/as well = هم (در مثبت)
either = هم (در منفی)
✅ He also speaks French / He speaks French too / He speaks French as well
✅ He doesn’t speak French either
او هم فرانسه صحبت می‌کند / او هم فرانسه صحبت نمی‌کند.
(۳۸۹) very / very much / much very + adjective/adverb
very much + verb (در انتها)
much + comparative
✅ He’s very tall
✅ I like it very much
✅ He’s much taller than me
او خیلی بلند است / خیلی دوستش دارم / او از من خیلی بلندتر است.
(۳۹۰) hard / hardly hard = سخت (تلاش)
hardly = به سختی، به ندرت
✅ He works hard
✅ I can hardly hear you
او سخت کار می‌کند / به سختی می‌توانم صدایت را بشنوم.
(۳۹۱) late / lately late = دیر
lately = اخیراً
✅ He arrived late
✅ I haven’t seen him lately
او دیر رسید / اخیراً او را ندیده‌ام.
(۳۹۲) near / nearly near = نزدیک
nearly = تقریباً
✅ Come near
✅ It’s nearly 5 o’clock
نزدیک بیا / تقریباً ساعت ۵ است.
(۳۹۳) most / mostly most = بیشترین، خیلی
mostly = عمدتاً
✅ Most people agree
✅ They’re mostly students
بیشتر مردم موافقند / آن‌ها عمدتاً دانشجو هستند.
(۳۹۴) elder/eldest vs older/oldest elder/eldest = بزرگ‌تر/بزرگ‌ترین (فقط برای افراد خانواده)
older/oldest = قدیمی‌تر/قدیمی‌ترین (برای همه)
✅ My elder brother (نه: more elder)
✅ This building is older than that one
برادر بزرگ‌ترم / این ساختمان قدیمی‌تر از آن یکی است.
(۳۹۵) farther/farthest vs further/furthest farther = دورتر (فاصلهٔ فیزیکی)
further = بیشتر (انتزاعی)
✅ London is farther than Oxford
✅ Further information is needed
لندن دورتر از آکسفورد است / اطلاعات بیشتری لازم است.
(۳۹۶) worth / worthy worth + مبلغ/اسم = به ارزش
worthy of = شایستهٔ
✅ This book is worth £10
✅ He’s worthy of respect
این کتاب ده پوند ارزش دارد / او شایستهٔ احترام است.
(۳۹۷) little / a little / few / a few little = کم (منفی، با uncountable)
a little = کمی (مثبت، با uncountable)
few = کم (منفی، با countable)
a few = چند تا (مثبت، با countable)
✅ I have little time (= not enough)
✅ I have a little time (= some)
✅ Few people came (= not many)
✅ A few people came (= some)
زمان کمی دارم (ناکافی) / کمی وقت دارم / کم کسی آمد / چند نفر آمدند.
(۳۹۸) less / fewer less + uncountable
fewer + countable
✅ Less money
✅ Fewer people
پول کمتر / افراد کمتر.
(۳۹۹) much / many much + uncountable
many + countable
✅ Much water
✅ Many books
آب زیاد / کتاب‌های زیاد.
(۴۰۰) some / any some = مقداری (در مثبت و پیشنهاد/درخواست)
any = هیچ (در منفی و سوالی)
✅ I have some money
✅ I don’t have any money
✅ Would you like some tea? (پیشنهاد)
مقداری پول دارم / پولی ندارم / چای می‌خوری؟
(۴۰۱) each / every each = هر کدام (به صورت جداگانه)
every = هر (به عنوان کل)
✅ Each student has a book
✅ Every student must attend
هر دانش‌آموزی کتاب دارد / هر دانش‌آموزی باید حضور داشته باشد.
(۴۰۲) all / whole all + the + noun
the whole + noun
✅ All the class passed
✅ The whole class passed
تمام کلاس قبول شد.
(۴۰۳) other / another other + plural = دیگر
another + singular = دیگری
✅ I have other plans
✅ Give me another chance
برنامه‌های دیگری دارم / یک شانس دیگر به من بده.
(۴۰۴) last / latest last = آخرین (در یک سری)
latest = جدیدترین
✅ This is my last chance
✅ Have you seen his latest film?
این آخرین شانس من است / جدیدترین فیلمش را دیده‌ای؟
(۴۰۵) alone / lonely alone = تنها (فیزیکی)
lonely = احساس تنهایی
✅ She lives alone
✅ She feels lonely
او تنها زندگی می‌کند / احساس تنهایی می‌کند.
(۴۰۶) advice (n) / advise (v) ✅ Give me some advice (اسم)
✅ Please advise me (فعل)
یک نصیحت به من بکن / لطفاً به من مشاوره بده.
(۴۰۷) practice (n) / practise (v) (British English) ✅ I need more practice (اسم)
✅ I must practise every day (فعل)
به تمرین بیشتری نیاز دارم / باید هر روز تمرین کنم.
(۴۰۸) price / prize price = قیمت
prize = جایزه
✅ What’s the price?
✅ He won first prize
قیمتش چقدر است؟ / او جایزهٔ اول را برد.
(۴۰۹) shade / shadow shade = سایه (حفاظت از آفتاب)
shadow = سایهٔ شخص/شیء
✅ Let’s sit in the shade
✅ I saw his shadow on the wall
بیا در سایه بنشینیم / سایه‌اش را روی دیوار دیدم.
(۴۱۰) travel / journey / trip / voyage travel (uncountable) = مسافرت (به طور کلی)
journey = سفر (اغلب طولانی)
trip = سفر کوتاه
voyage = سفر دریایی
✅ Travel broadens the mind
✅ It was a long journey
✅ We took a trip to Paris
✅ The voyage across the Atlantic
مسافرت دیدگاه را وسیع می‌کند / سفر طولانی بود / یک سفر کوتاه به پاریس رفتیم / سفر دریایی از اقیانوس اطلس.
(۴۱۱) work / job work (uncountable) = کار (به طور کلی)
job (countable) = شغل، کار مشخص
✅ I have a lot of work to do
✅ He has a good job
کار زیادی برای انجام دادن دارم / او شغل خوبی دارد.
(۴۱۲) house / home house = خانه (ساختمان)
home = خانه (محل زندگی با احساس تعلق)
✅ They’re building a house
✅ I’m going home (نه: to home)
آن‌ها خانه می‌سازند / دارم به خانه می‌روم.
(۴۱۳) place / room / space place = جا، محل
room = اتاق / فضا (uncountable)
space = فضا (باز)
✅ This is a nice place
✅ Is there room for me?
✅ There’s not enough space
این جای خوبی است / برای من جا هست؟ / فضای کافی نیست.
(۴۱۴) landscape / countryside / scenery landscape = منظره (قابل رؤیت در یک نگاه)
countryside = روستا، حومه
scenery (uncountable) = مناظر طبیعی
✅ A beautiful landscape
✅ I love the countryside
✅ The scenery is breathtaking
منظرهٔ زیبا / عاشق روستا هستم / مناظر خیره‌کننده است.
(۴۱۵) clothes (plural)
❌ I bought a new clothe
✅ I bought new clothes
لباس‌های جدید خریدم.
(۴۱۶) news (singular)
❌ These news are good
✅ This news is good
این خبر خوب است.
(۴۱۷) furniture (uncountable)
❌ I bought three furnitures
✅ I bought three pieces of furniture
سه عدد مبل خریدم.
(۴۱۸) information (uncountable)
❌ I need some informations
✅ I need some information
به مقداری اطلاعات نیاز دارم.
(۴۱۹) luggage/baggage (uncountable)
❌ I have three luggages
✅ I have three pieces of luggage
سه چمدان دارم.
(۴۲۰) hair (uncountable معمولاً)
❌ He has black hairs
✅ He has black hair
او موهای مشکی دارد.
⚠️ اما: I found a hair in my soup (یک تار مو)
(۴۲۱) dozen/hundred/thousand (بدون s بعد از عدد)
❌ Three hundreds people
✅ Three hundred people
✅ Hundreds of people (بدون عدد)
سیصد نفر / صدها نفر.
(۴۲۲) people (معمولاً plural)
❌ How many peoples came?
✅ How many people came?
چند نفر آمدند؟
⚠️ اما: peoples = ملت‌ها (the peoples of Europe)
(۴۲۳) good (adj) vs well (adv) ✅ He’s a good player
✅ He plays well
او بازیکن خوبی است / او خوب بازی می‌کند.
(۴۲۴) lose (v) vs loose (adj) ✅ Don’t lose your keys (فعل = گم کردن)
✅ This shirt is too loose (صفت = شل)
کلیدهایت را گم نکن / این پیراهن خیلی شل است.
(۴۲۵) lie (n/v) vs lay (v) ✅ That’s a lie (اسم = دروغ)
✅ Don’t lie to me (فعل = دروغ گفتن)
✅ Lay the book down (فعل = گذاشتن)
این یک دروغ است / به من دروغ نگو / کتاب را بگذار.
(۴۲۶) hear vs listen (to)
✅ I heard a strange noise (شنیدن غیرارادی)
✅ I was listening to music (گوش دادن ارادی)
صدای عجیبی شنیدم / داشتم به موسیقی گوش می‌دادم.
(۴۲۷) remember vs remind
✅ I remember your name (به یاد داشتن)
✅ Please remind me to call him (یادآوری کردن)
اسمت را به یاد دارم / لطفاً به من یادآوری کن که به او زنگ بزنم.
(۴۲۸) leave vs let go
❌ Leave the string
✅ Let go of the string
رشته را رها کن.
(۴۲۹) accept vs agree
❌ The teacher accepted to go with us
✅ The teacher agreed to go with us
معلم موافقت کرد که با ما بیاید.
(۴۳۰) leave vs let
❌ She didn’t leave me get my book
✅ She didn’t let me get my book
او اجازه نداد کتابم را بگیرم.
(۴۳۱) bring vs take / fetch
✅ Bring these flowers to me (به سمت گوینده)
✅ Take these cakes to your grandmother (دور از گوینده)
✅ Fetch me a glass of water (برو و با آن برگرد)
(۴۳۲) drown vs sink
❌ The ship drowned
✅ The ship sank
کشتی غرق شد (موجودات زنده drown می‌شوند).
(۴۳۳) see vs look
❌ He was seeing out of the window
✅ He was looking out of the window
او از پنجره نگاه می‌کرد.
(۴۳۴) hear vs listen to (تکرار با تاکید)
❌ I was hearing her CDs
✅ I was listening to her CDs
داشتم به سی‌دی‌هایش گوش می‌دادم.
(۴۳۵) remember vs remind (تکرار)
❌ Remember me to give it back
✅ Remind me to give it back
یادم بینداز که پس بدهم.
(۴۳۶) leave vs let go (تکرار)
❌ Leave the other end
✅ Let go of the other end
انتهای دیگر را رها کن.
(۴۳۷) sleep vs go to bed
❌ I’ll sleep early tonight
✅ I’ll go to bed early tonight
امشب زود می‌خوابم.
(۴۳۸) be found vs be
❌ The man was found in his office (= کشف شد!)
✅ The man was in his office
مرد در دفترش بود.
(۴۳۹) be with vs have
❌ My book is with my brother
✅ My brother has my book
برادرم کتابم را دارد.
(۴۴۰) take vs get/receive
❌ She took a good mark
✅ She got a good mark
او نمرهٔ خوبی گرفت.
(۴۴۱) like vs want / would like
❌ Do you like to see my collection? (= آیا عادت داری ببینی؟)
✅ Do you want to see my collection? (= الان می‌خواهی ببینی؟)
✅ I would like to play tennis (مؤدبانه‌تر از want)
(۴۴۲) know vs learn/find out
❌ He went to school to know English
✅ He went to school to learn English
او به مدرسه رفت تا انگلیسی یاد بگیرد.
(۴۴۳) read vs study
❌ She’s reading algebra
✅ She’s studying algebra
او جبر درس می‌خواند.
(۴۴۴) learn vs study
❌ I learn at Gordon College
✅ I study at Gordon College
من در کالج گوردون درس می‌خوانم.
(۴۴۵) take vs buy
❌ I went to take bread
✅ I went to buy bread
رفتم نان بخرم.
(۴۴۶) take out vs take off
❌ He took out his hat
✅ He took off his hat
او کلاهش را درآورد.
(۴۴۷) leave vs give up/stop
❌ I’ve left football
✅ I’ve given up football
من فوتبال را ترک کردم.
(۴۴۸) sympathise vs like
❌ I don’t sympathise him
✅ I don’t like him
او را دوست ندارم.
⚠️ Sympathise with = همدردی کردن با
(۴۴۹) put vs keep
❌ Do you put money in the bank?
✅ Do you keep money in the bank?
پول را در بانک نگه می‌داری؟
(۴۵۰) care about/for vs take care of
❌ He cares about his investments
✅ He takes care of his investments
او از سرمایه‌گذاری‌هایش مراقبت می‌کند.
(۴۵۱) let vs make (force)
❌ The examiner let me sit quietly
✅ The examiner made me sit quietly
ممتحن مجبورم کرد آرام بنشینم.
(۴۵۲) flown vs flowed
❌ The river has flown over
✅ The river has flowed over
رودخانه از ساحل خود سرریز شده است.
⚠️ Fly → flew → flown / Flow → flowed → flowed
(۴۵۳–۴۶۰) Adverbs (۴۶۰) not so vs not very
❌ He’s not so rich
✅ He’s not very rich
او خیلی ثروتمند نیست.
(۴۶۱) just now vs presently
❌ He’ll arrive just now (آینده)
✅ He’ll arrive presently (= soon)
او به زودی خواهد رسید.
⚠️ Just now = الان / یک لحظه پیش
(۴۶۲) presently vs at present
❌ He’s in London presently
✅ He’s in London at present
او در حال حاضر در لندن است.
⚠️ Presently = soon
(۴۶۳) scarcely vs rarely
❌ She scarcely comes to see me (= not often)
✅ She rarely comes to see me
او به ندرت به دیدنم می‌آید.
⚠️ Scarcely = not quite
(۴۶۴) lately vs late
❌ I went to bed lately
✅ I went to bed late
دیر به رختخواب رفتم.
⚠️ Lately = اخیراً
(۴۶۵) many vs much
❌ He hasn’t much books
✅ He hasn’t many books
او کتاب‌های زیادی ندارد.
(۴۶۶) few vs a few
✅ Few boys answered (= تعداد کمی، منفی)
✅ A few boys answered (= چند نفر، مثبت)
(۴۶۷) little vs a little
✅ He took little exercise (= کم، ناکافی)
✅ He took a little exercise (= کمی، مثبت)
(۴۶۸) each vs every
❌ Every of the children
✅ Each of the children
هر یک از بچه‌ها.
(۴۶۹) his vs her
❌ John visits her aunt
✅ John visits his aunt
جان به دیدن عمه/خاله‌اش می‌رود.
(۴۷۰) older/oldest vs elder/eldest
✅ This girl is older than that one
✅ My elder brother (فقط برای افراد خانواده)
(۴۷۱) interesting vs interested
✅ An interesting story (جالب)
✅ I’m interested in music (علاقه‌مند)
(۴۷۲) wounded vs injured/hurt
❌ He was wounded in a car accident
✅ He was injured in a car accident
در تصادف مجروح شد.
⚠️ Wounded = در جنگ
(۴۷۳) farther vs further
✅ London is farther (فاصلهٔ فیزیکی)
✅ Further information (بیشتر، انتزاعی)
(۴۷۴) a vs an
❌ A animal, a hour
✅ An animal, an hour
⚠️ اما: a union, a European (صدای یو)
(۴۷۵) one vs a/an
❌ He found one ring (بدون تاکید)
✅ He found a ring
(۴۷۶) some vs any
✅ He has some milk (مثبت)
✅ He hasn’t any milk (منفی)
✅ Would you like some tea? (پیشنهاد)
(۴۷۷) less vs fewer
❌ Less books
✅ Fewer books (countable)
✅ Less money (uncountable)
(۴۷۸) this vs that
❌ Look at this dog across the street!
✅ Look at that dog across the street!
(۴۷۹) much / very
❌ This is very better
✅ This is much better
(۴۸۰) quite (completely/fairly) ✅ I’m quite ready (= کاملاً)
✅ It’s quite good (= نسبتاً)
(۴۸۱) enough / too
✅ This isn’t good enough (کافی نیست)
✅ This is too expensive (بیش از حد)
(۴۸۲) big/large vs great
✅ A big house (اندازه)
✅ A great man (عظمت، اهمیت)
(۴۸۳) high vs tall
❌ He’s six feet high
✅ He’s six feet tall (قد انسان)
✅ A high mountain
(۴۸۴) beautiful vs handsome/good-looking
❌ A beautiful young man
✅ A handsome young man
(۴۸۵) sick vs ill
❌ He’s been sick for a year
✅ He’s been ill for a year
⚠️ Sick = استفراغ کردن / احساس بد
(۴۸۶) clear vs clean
❌ Keep your hands clear
✅ Keep your hands clean
(۴۸۷) angry vs sorry
❌ I was angry to hear of her death
✅ I was sorry to hear of her death
(۴۸۸) nervous vs angry
❌ The teacher is nervous today
✅ The teacher is angry today
(۴۸۹) house vs home
✅ They’re building a house (ساختمان)
✅ I’m going home (نه: to home)
(۴۹۰) story vs history
✅ An interesting story (داستان)
✅ The history of Rome (تاریخ)
(۴۹۱) habit vs custom
✅ A bad habit (فردی)
✅ Chinese customs (جمعی، فرهنگی)
(۴۹۲) cause vs reason
✅ The cause of a sandstorm
✅ A good reason for coming
(۴۹۳) scene vs scenery
✅ The scene of the accident (محل خاص)
✅ Beautiful scenery (مناظر کلی)
(۴۹۴) centre vs middle
✅ The centre of the circle
✅ The middle of the street
(۴۹۵) shade vs shadow
✅ Sit in the shade (سایه برای حفاظت)
✅ I saw his shadow (سایهٔ شخص)
(۴۹۶) customer vs client
✅ The shop has many customers
✅ The lawyer has many clients
(۴۹۷) stranger vs guest / foreigner
✅ They had guests last night (دوستان)
✅ A stranger knocked (ناشناس)
✅ A foreigner from France (خارجی)
(۴۹۸) travel vs journey / trip
✅ Travel broadens the mind (uncountable)
✅ A long journey (سفر طولانی)
✅ A trip to Paris (سفر کوتاه)
(۴۹۹) foot vs leg
✅ I hurt my leg (بالای مچ پا)
✅ I hurt my foot (زیر مچ پا)
(۵۰۰) finger vs toe
✅ Fingers on the hand
✅ Toes on the foot
(۵۰۱) poetry vs poem
✅ I have a poem to learn (یک شعر)
✅ I love poetry (شعر به طور کلی)
(۵۰۲) theatre vs play
✅ Go to the theatre (ساختمان)
✅ See a play (نمایش)
(۵۰۳) play vs game
✅ A nice game of football
✅ He’s fond of play (بازی به طور کلی)
(۵۰۴) dress vs suit / clothes
✅ Women wear dresses
✅ Men wear suits
✅ New clothes (لباس کلی)
(۵۰۵) individual vs person/people
❌ Five individuals in the shop
✅ Five people in the shop
(۵۰۶) men vs people
❌ The streets were full of men
✅ The streets were full of people
(۵۰۷) woman vs wife
❌ He took his woman
✅ He took his wife
(۵۰۸) cost vs price
✅ What’s the price? (قیمت برای خریدار)
✅ How much does it cost? (هزینه)
(۵۰۹) air vs wind
✅ Strong wind blew her hat
✅ Fresh air (هوا برای نفس کشیدن)
(۵۱۰) ground vs floor
✅ A book on the floor (داخل ساختمان)
✅ On the ground (خارج از ساختمان)
(۵۱۱) place vs room / space
✅ Is there room for me? (جا، فضا)
✅ This is a nice place (محل)
(۵۱۲) organ vs instrument
✅ What instrument can you play?
⚠️ Organ = ارگ (آلت موسیقی خاص کلیسا)
(۵۱۳) appetite vs desire
❌ No appetite to study
✅ No desire to study
⚠️ Appetite = اشتها (برای غذا)
(۵۲۲) bread (uncountable)
❌ Breads are sold
✅ Bread is sold
✅ A loaf of bread
(۵۲۳) fish (singular as food)
❌ We had fishes for dinner
✅ We had fish for dinner
(۵۲۴) fruit (uncountable)
❌ Many fruits
✅ Much fruit
⚠️ اما: different fruits (انواع میوه)
(۵۲۵) grass (uncountable)
❌ The grasses
✅ The grass
(۵۲۶) dozen (بدون s بعد از عدد)
❌ Three dozens eggs
✅ Three dozen eggs
✅ Dozens of eggs (بدون عدد)
(۵۲۷) hundred/thousand/million
❌ Fifty thousands people
✅ Fifty thousand people
✅ Thousands of people (بدون عدد)
(۵۲۸) sheep (مفرد و جمع یکسان)
❌ Ten sheeps
✅ Ten sheep
(۵۲۹) knowledge (uncountable)
❌ Good knowledges
✅ A good knowledge of history
(۵۳۰) progress (uncountable)
❌ Great progresses
✅ Great progress
(۵۳۱) thunder/lightning (uncountable)
❌ Thunders and lightnings
✅ Thunder and lightning
✅ A clap of thunder / A flash of lightning
(۵۳۲) machinery (uncountable)
❌ New machineries
✅ New machinery
(۵۳۳) mathematics (singular)
❌ Mathematics are difficult
✅ Mathematics is difficult
(۵۳۴) money (singular)
❌ All her money are
✅ All her money is
(۵۳۵) news (singular)
❌ The news are good
✅ The news is good
(۵۳۶) scissors/trousers/spectacles (plural)
❌ The scissor is
✅ The scissors are
✅ A pair of scissors is
(۵۳۷) people (plural)
❌ There is lots of people
✅ There are lots of people
⚠️ اما: a people = ملت (مفرد)